This page provides access to papers and presentations prepared by BEA staff. Abstracts are presented in HTML format; complete papers are in PDF format with selected tables in XLS format. The views expressed in these papers are solely those of the authors and not necessarily those of the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis or the U.S. Department of Commerce.

Valuing Owner-Occupied Housing: an empirical exercise using the American Community Survey (ACS) Housing files

In Aten (2017) the rental equivalence method was applied to the owner-occupied housing (OOH) stock in the United States to impute the flow of housing services for the period 2000-2015. The rents were based upon the American Community Survey and were broken into seven types of structure, vintage… Read more

Bettina H. Aten
WP2018-3
Published
JEL Code(s)R31

Experimental Estimates of Wages and Gross Output by Business Size and Industry, 2002-2012

This paper presents experimental estimates of wages and gross output by business size and industry sector for 2002-2012. We find small businesses, those employing less than 100 workers, experienced relatively slower growth between 2002 and 2012 for both wages and gross output compared to larger… Read more

Tina Highfill, Erich H. Strassner
WP2017-11
Published
JEL Code(s)None Assigned

Transatlantic Trade in Services: Investigating Bilateral Asymmetries in EU-U.S. Trade Statistics

The European Union (EU) and the United States are the biggest economic partners in international trade in services in the world, with total bilateral trade in 2015 exceeding EUR 400 billion according to the data reported by Eurostat. The United States accounted for close to 30 percent of total… Read more

Kristy L. Howell, Robert Obrzut, Olaf Nowak
WP2017-10
Published
JEL Code(s)None Assigned

Measuring the "Free" Digital Economy within the GDP and Productivity Accounts

We develop an experimental methodology that values "free" digital content through the lens of a production account and is consistent with the framework of the national accounts. We build upon the work in Nakamura, et al. (2016) by combining marketing- and advertising-supported content and find… Read more

Leonard Nakamura, Jon D. Samuels, Rachel Soloveichik
WP2017-9
Published
JEL Code(s)None Assigned

An Updated Analysis of the Roles of Cost per Case and Treated Prevalence in Health Spending Growth

This report presents data, methods, and findings from a study of the roles of treated disease prevalence (treated prevalence) and cost per person treated (cost per case) on the rate of increase in real per capita health spending by the civilian non-institutional population from 1996 through 2014… Read more

Charles Roehrig, Craig Lake
WP2017-8
Published
JEL Code(s)None Assigned

Imputing Rents to Owner-Occupied Housing by Directly Modelling Their Distribution

The Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) makes the official estimates of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPAs).  Two key aggregates in these accounts are the nation’s gross domestic product (GDP) and the personal income of households.  The rental value of owner-occupied housing… Read more

Arnold J. Katz
WP2017-7
Published
JEL Code(s)None Assigned

Effect of Mode Choice and Respondent Characteristics on Data Quality: Profiling Respondents to BEA's Annual Survey of Foreign Direct Investment in the United States

The U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) conducts the Annual Survey of Foreign Direct Investment in the United States, a mandatory enterprise level survey that collects information on the finances and operations of foreign-owned U.S. businesses. Respondents submit data by mail, facsimile, and… Read more

Ricardo Limés
P2017-1
Published
JEL Code(s)None Assigned

Supplemental Poverty Measure: A Comparison of Geographic Adjustments with Regional Price Parities vs. Median Rents from the American Community Survey: An Update

Official poverty statistics are used in the United States to evaluate economic well-being at the national level, and to distribute federal anti-poverty funds across states and urban areas. However, these statistics are based on thresholds or poverty lines that do not take into account geographic… Read more

Trudi J. Renwick, Eric B. Figueroa, Bettina H. Aten
WP2017-4
Published
JEL Code(s)C43

Rental equivalence estimates of national and regional housing expenditures

The Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) series published by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) includes estimates of rent expenditures and owner-occupied housing expenditures for the benchmark year 2001. The main data sources are the Residential Financial Survey (RFS), carried out in… Read more

Bettina H. Aten
WP2017-5
Published
JEL Code(s)R31

Exploratory Estimates of U.S. International Services by Mode of Supply

This paper presents exploratory estimates of U.S. international supply of services by mode. There is interest in international services by mode partly because government trade negotiators structure agreements around these modes. The estimates are based on statistics on trade in services… Read more

Michael Mann
WP2017-6
Published
JEL Code(s)None Assigned